Iliotibial band syndrome

What is iliotibial band syndrome?

Iliotibial band syndrome, also known as runner's knee, is a common injury in runners and cyclists. It occurs due to inflammation of the iliotibial band, a fibrous tissue that runs from the hip to the outer knee bone. Symptoms include lateral knee pain, a feeling of warmth, and pain when touched.

What are the causes of iliotibial band syndrome?

The cause of iliotibial band syndrome is multifactorial. The factors that produce this syndrome are divided into:

Intrinsic Factors (related to the individual):

Muscle weakness:

• Weakness of the hip abductors (gluteal muscles).
• Weakness of the quadriceps (especially the vastus medialis).
• Muscle imbalance between different muscle groups in the leg and hip.

Lack of flexibility/muscle shortening:

• Shortening of the tensor fascia latae and the iliotibial band itself.

Biomechanical and anatomical problems:

• Leg length discrepancy (one leg longer than the other).
• Excessive foot pronation (the foot sinks too far inward upon landing).
• Genu varum (bowed legs).
• Internal tibial torsion.

Extrinsic factors (related to training and equipment):

Overtraining:

• Sudden or excessive increase in intensity, volume, or duration of training.
• Insufficient rest between training sessions.

Type of running or activity:

• Running long distances, especially downhill, as this increases friction.
• Running on uneven or inclined terrain (uphill or downhill).
• Always running on the same side of the road or track, which can tilt the body and put more stress on one leg.
• Activities involving repetitive knee flexion and extension movements, such as cycling, rowing, basketball, etc.

Improper footwear:

• Wearing worn-out shoes that don't provide adequate support.
• Shoes that don't fit the runner's gait (pronator, supinator, or neutral) or weight.

Poor running technique:

• Excessively lengthening the stride.
• Improper running technique that puts excessive stress on the iliotibial band syndrome.

How is iliotibial band syndrome diagnosed?

The diagnosis of iliotibial band syndrome is based on the patient's medical history and symptoms, along with a physical examination. Ultrasound and MRI can aid in the diagnosis and rule out other conditions with similar symptoms.

How is iliotibial band syndrome treated?

Treatment for iliotibial band syndrome may include a combination of conservative and invasive treatments.

Conservative treatment:

• Correction of extrinsic factors that cause or contribute to the symptoms of iliotibial band syndrome (training, activity, equipment, etc.)
• Physical therapy to treat myofascial trigger points and release tension in the connective tissue.
• Stretching and strengthening exercises for the hip and thigh muscles.
• Proprioceptive (balance) exercises to improve knee stability.

Invasive treatment:

• Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections to reduce inflammation and pain.
• Surgery in severe cases or those refractory to other treatments.

In general, the goal of treatment is to relieve pain and inflammation, improve flexibility and muscle strength, and prevent the recurrence of symptoms.

Make an appointment with Dr. Jordi Jiménez. He will assist you in the center of Palma and help you regain your quality of life.