Baker's cyst

05/01/2023

What is a Baker's cyst?

A Baker's cyst is a fluid buildup in the bursa between two tendons located at the back of the knee. It occurs when joint fluid flows into the bursa but cannot return to the joint, accumulating there. Baker's cysts are common in older people or those with a joint injury or problem. They often cause pain and swelling in the affected joint.

What factors contribute to the formation of a Baker's cyst?

Repetitive injuries or trauma to the joint.
Arthritis, as it can cause joint inflammation.
Overweight or obesity, as it increases pressure on the joints.
Congenital problems with the structure of the joint.
Autoimmune diseases, such as rheumatoid arthritis, can cause joint inflammation.
It is important to note that in some cases, Baker's cysts may appear without an obvious cause.

How is a Baker's cyst diagnosed?

The diagnosis of a Baker's cyst is based on a combination of symptoms, medical history, physical examination, and imaging tests. Some common tests used to diagnose a Baker's cyst include:

Physical examination: The doctor may touch and palpate the affected joint to look for signs of a cyst, such as a lump or a soft, swollen mass at the back of the knee.
Ultrasound: This is a noninvasive technique useful for detecting Baker's cysts and assessing their size.
MRI: This is a useful technique for detecting Baker's cysts and assessing their size and relationship to surrounding tissues.

How is a Baker's cyst treated?

Treatment for a Baker's cyst can be conservative or surgical. Conservative treatment includes the use of analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs to relieve pain and inflammation. Ultrasound may also be used to drain the cyst and relieve compressive symptoms, especially when the cyst is large. Ultrasound-guided corticosteroid injections can relieve pain and reduce inflammation. If these treatments are ineffective or if the cyst is causing significant problems, surgery to remove the cyst may be recommended.

Example of Baker's cyst drainage: